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SARS-CoV-2 antigenicity epitopes mutations spike protein. The emergence of various mutations within a short period might result in the conformational changes of the protein structure, which suggests that developing a universal vaccine may be a challenging task. Conclusion S protein is the major target for vaccine development, but several mutations were predicted in the antigenic epitopes of S protein across all genomes available globally. Moreover, A930V and D936Y mutations were observed in the heptad repeat domain and one mutation D1168H was noted in heptad repeat domain 2. The RBD T323I, A344S, V367F, A419S, A522S and K529E are novel mutations reported first time in this study. Other mutations observed within RBD exhibiting low antigenicity were T323I, A344S, R408I, G476S, V483A, H519Q, A520S, A522S and K529E. The significant variations in the predicted epitopes showing high antigenicity were A348V, V367F and A419S in receptor binding domain (RBD). In contrast, antigenic shift refers to the exchange of RNA segments between.

Results The sequence analysis resulted in high SNPs frequency. Similar to influenza, COVID-19 is characterized by respiratory symptoms. Further, the antigenicity of the predicted mutations inferred, and the epitopes were superimposed on the structure of the spike protein.

A total of 1,604 spike proteins were extracted from 1,325 complete genome and 279 partial spike coding sequences of SARS-CoV-2 available in NCBI till and subjected to multiple sequence alignment to find the mutations corresponding to the reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genomic study. Materials and Methods Several research groups have generated whole genome sequencing data which are available in the public repositories.

This is what we think happened with the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic, with the shift occurring in pigs and then jumping to. Although sequential COVID-19 waves have swept the world. Therefore, we aimed to predict the mutations in the spike protein (S) of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes available worldwide and analyze its impact on the antigenicity. This shift in the influenza virus is called antigenic shift. Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift. One of the major reasons attributed to this variation is genetic mutation. Viral epitope profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals cross-reactivity and. whereas antigenic shift is the result of a sudden genetic reassortment between. Objectives The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been unprecedentedly fast, spreading to more than 180 countries within 3 months with variable severity. In December 2019, cases of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).